车祸（IOV）可以促进连接车辆（CV），自动驾驶汽车（AV）和其他IOV实体之间的无缝连通性。 IOV网络的入侵检测系统（IDS）可以依靠机器学习（ML）来保护车辆内网络免受网络攻击。基于区块链的联合森林（BFF）可用于根据IOV实体的数据训练ML模型，同时保护数据的机密性并降低对数据篡改的风险。但是，以这种方式创建的ML模型仍然容易受到逃避，中毒和探索性攻击的影响。本文研究了各种可能的对抗性示例对BFF-ID的影响。我们提出了整合统计检测器来检测和提取未知的对抗样品。通过将未知检测的样品包括在检测器的数据集中，我们使用附加模型来增强BFF-ID，以检测原始已知攻击和新的对抗性输入。统计对手检测器以50和100个输入样本的样本量确信对对抗性示例。此外，增强的BFF-IDS（BFF-IDS（AUG））成功地减轻了以上96％的精度。通过这种方法，每当检测到对抗样本并随后采用BFF-ID（AUG）作为主动安全模型时，该模型将继续在沙箱中增强。因此，统计对抗检测器的拟议集成以及随后使用检测到的对抗样本对BFF-ID的增强，为对抗性例子和其他未知攻击提供了可持续的安全框架。

Driving through pothole infested roads is a life hazard and economically costly. The experience is even worse for motorists using the pothole filled road for the first time. Pothole-filled road networks have been associated with severe traffic jam especially during peak times of the day. Besides not being fuel consumption friendly and being time wasting, traffic jams often lead to increased carbon emissions as well as noise pollution. Moreover, the risk of fatal accidents has also been strongly associated with potholes among other road network factors. Discovering potholes prior to using a particular road is therefore of significant importance. This work presents a successful demonstration of sensor-based pothole mapping agent that captures both the pothole's depth as well as its location coordinates, parameters that are then used to generate a pothole map for the agent's entire journey. The map can thus be shared with all motorists intending to use the same route.

Quantitative cephalometric analysis is the most widely used clinical and research tool in modern orthodontics. Accurate localization of cephalometric landmarks enables the quantification and classification of anatomical abnormalities, however, the traditional manual way of marking these landmarks is a very tedious job. Endeavours have constantly been made to develop automated cephalometric landmark detection systems but they are inadequate for orthodontic applications. The fundamental reason for this is that the amount of publicly available datasets as well as the images provided for training in these datasets are insufficient for an AI model to perform well. To facilitate the development of robust AI solutions for morphometric analysis, we organise the CEPHA29 Automatic Cephalometric Landmark Detection Challenge in conjunction with IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2023). In this context, we provide the largest known publicly available dataset, consisting of 1000 cephalometric X-ray images. We hope that our challenge will not only derive forward research and innovation in automatic cephalometric landmark identification but will also signal the beginning of a new era in the discipline.

Commonly adopted in the manufacturing and aerospace sectors, digital twin (DT) platforms are increasingly seen as a promising paradigm to control, monitor, and analyze software-based, "open", communication systems. Notably, DT platforms provide a sandbox in which to test artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for communication systems, potentially reducing the need to collect data and test algorithms in the field, i.e., on the physical twin (PT). A key challenge in the deployment of DT systems is to ensure that virtual control optimization, monitoring, and analysis at the DT are safe and reliable, avoiding incorrect decisions caused by "model exploitation". To address this challenge, this paper presents a general Bayesian framework with the aim of quantifying and accounting for model uncertainty at the DT that is caused by limitations in the amount and quality of data available at the DT from the PT. In the proposed framework, the DT builds a Bayesian model of the communication system, which is leveraged to enable core DT functionalities such as control via multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), monitoring of the PT for anomaly detection, prediction, data-collection optimization, and counterfactual analysis. To exemplify the application of the proposed framework, we specifically investigate a case-study system encompassing multiple sensing devices that report to a common receiver. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed Bayesian framework as compared to standard frequentist model-based solutions.

Computational catalysis is playing an increasingly significant role in the design of catalysts across a wide range of applications. A common task for many computational methods is the need to accurately compute the minimum binding energy - the adsorption energy - for an adsorbate and a catalyst surface of interest. Traditionally, the identification of low energy adsorbate-surface configurations relies on heuristic methods and researcher intuition. As the desire to perform high-throughput screening increases, it becomes challenging to use heuristics and intuition alone. In this paper, we demonstrate machine learning potentials can be leveraged to identify low energy adsorbate-surface configurations more accurately and efficiently. Our algorithm provides a spectrum of trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency, with one balanced option finding the lowest energy configuration, within a 0.1 eV threshold, 86.63% of the time, while achieving a 1387x speedup in computation. To standardize benchmarking, we introduce the Open Catalyst Dense dataset containing nearly 1,000 diverse surfaces and 87,045 unique configurations.

Chromosome analysis is essential for diagnosing genetic disorders. For hematologic malignancies, identification of somatic clonal aberrations by karyotype analysis remains the standard of care. However, karyotyping is costly and time-consuming because of the largely manual process and the expertise required in identifying and annotating aberrations. Efforts to automate karyotype analysis to date fell short in aberration detection. Using a training set of ~10k patient specimens and ~50k karyograms from over 5 years from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, we created a labeled set of images representing individual chromosomes. These individual chromosomes were used to train and assess deep learning models for classifying the 24 human chromosomes and identifying chromosomal aberrations. The top-accuracy models utilized the recently introduced Topological Vision Transformers (TopViTs) with 2-level-block-Toeplitz masking, to incorporate structural inductive bias. TopViT outperformed CNN (Inception) models with >99.3% accuracy for chromosome identification, and exhibited accuracies >99% for aberration detection in most aberrations. Notably, we were able to show high-quality performance even in "few shot" learning scenarios. Incorporating the definition of clonality substantially improved both precision and recall (sensitivity). When applied to "zero shot" scenarios, the model captured aberrations without training, with perfect precision at >50% recall. Together these results show that modern deep learning models can approach expert-level performance for chromosome aberration detection. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the downstream effectiveness of TopViTs. These results open up exciting opportunities for not only expediting patient results but providing a scalable technology for early screening of low-abundance chromosomal lesions.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

我们提出了一种从图像中推断人类对象相互作用的不同3D模型的方法。考虑到人类如何与单个2D图像中复杂场景中的对象相互作用的推理是一项具有挑战性的任务，鉴于由于通过投影而导致信息丢失引起的歧义。此外，建模3D相互作用需要对各种对象类别和交互类型的概括能力。我们提出了一种对相互作用的动作条件建模，使我们能够在接触区域或3D场景几何形状上推断人类和物体的不同3D布置。我们的方法从大语言模型（例如GPT-3）中提取高级常识性知识，并将其应用于对人类对象相互作用的3D推理。我们的关键见解是从大语言模型中提取的先验可以帮助从纹理提示中推理人类对象联系人。我们定量评估大型人类对象交互数据集上推断的3D模型，并显示我们的方法如何导致更好的3D重建。我们进一步评估方法对真实图像的有效性，并证明其对互动类型和对象类别的普遍性。

我们介绍了TemPCLR，这是一种针对3D手重建的结构化回归任务的新的时代对比学习方法。与以前的手部姿势估计方法相抵触方法不同，我们的框架考虑了其增强方案中的时间一致性，并说明了沿时间方向的手部姿势的差异。我们的数据驱动方法利用了未标记的视频和标准CNN，而无需依赖合成数据，伪标签或专业体系结构。我们的方法在HO-3D和Freihand数据集中分别将全面监督的手部重建方法的性能提高了15.9％和7.6％，从而确立了新的最先进的性能。最后，我们证明了我们的方法会随着时间的推移产生更平滑的手部重建，并且与以前的最新作品相比，对重型的闭塞更为强大，我们在定量和定性上表现出来。我们的代码和模型将在https://eth-ait.github.io/tempclr上找到。

这项研究旨在使用人工智能（AI）和多视图图像实现更可靠的自动化后建筑物损害分类。当前的实践和研究工作在采用AI进行灾后损害评估的AI方面通常是（a）定性，基于标准损害量表缺乏建筑物损害水平的精制分类，并且（b）基于空中或卫星图像培训，具有有限的视图，视图有限，尽管有指示性，但并不完全描述损伤量表。为了使损伤水平的更准确和可靠的自动量化量化，本研究提出了以多种地面和建筑物的空中视图形式使用更全面的视觉数据。为了具有这样的空间感知的损害预测模型，使用了多视图卷积神经网络（MV-CNN）体系结构，结合了损坏建筑物不同视图的信息。这种空间3D上下文损害信息将导致更准确地识别损害和可靠的损害水平量化。拟议的模型经过训练和验证，并在侦察视觉数据集上进行了验证，其中包含飓风哈维后检查的建筑物的专家标签，地理标记的图像。开发的模型在预测损害水平方面表现出合理的准确性，可用于支持更加知识和可靠的AI-AI-AS辅助灾害管理实践。